Most questioners are looking for a particular answer. Science fiction novels, The Planetary Society, and countless movies, from E.T. to Contact to Planet of the Apes, suggest that extraterrestrial … more

A Profile of apologist Kevin Birdwell written by Susan Hanks Mowen

By day, climatologist Kevin Birdwell seeks answers to mysteries of human history via climatological records. By night, he uses that … more

Two tests of space travelers’ ability to support themselves independent of Earth have taken place in the Arizona desert (see www.bio2.edu). In 1991 a team of eight adults were sealed inside a … more

Is the universe really rife with life sites, as Carl Sagan asserted?1 Research data continues to shape an answer to this question, but the weight of evidence falls, thus far, on the negative side. The … more

Uranium and thorium play a vital role in the plate tectonics and volcanism of planets. Consequently, the amount of these two metallic elements influences the ability of any planet to support advanced … more

Growing numbers of UFO and ETI cults, some overtly religious, others with the pretense of purely scientific endeavor, preach their own message of salvation for the human race, a message that directly … more

Two tests of space travelers’ ability to support themselves independent of Earth have taken place in the Arizona desert (see www.bio2.edu). In 1991 a team of eight adults were sealed inside a … more

by Steve Sarigianis

"Intelligent Design is the new buzz word for what used to be called 'creation science.' ”

With the quote above as his summary statement, Victor Stenger, Professor Emeritus, … more

Recent research indicates that the Moon suffered intense asteroid and meteoroid bombardment impacting its entire surface some 3.9 billion years ago.1, 2 Because of the Moon’s proximity to Earth … more

© 2001 Reasons To Believe

Evidence for the Fine-Tuning of the Galaxy-Sun-Earth-Moon System for Life Support1-121

The environmental requirements for life to exist depend quite strongly on the … more

© 2001 Reasons To Believe

An Estimate of the Probability for Attaining the Necessary Parameters for Life Support1-85

Parameter

Probability that feature will Fall in the required … more

© 2001 Reasons To Believe

For life to be possible in the universe, several characteristics must take on specific values, and these are listed below.1 In the case of several of these … more

by Dr. Guillermo Gonzalez

If the universe were not measurable, scientific study would be impossible. Astronomy, biology, chemistry, cosmology, geology, physics, and the other disciplines of science … more

Researchers have discovered still more indicators of divine design in Earth’s fine-tuned geophysical processes. These indicators belong to an intricate, life-essential cycle (called the … more

No wonder these systems hold such fascination for scientists, for everyone! In October 1999, Science focused an entire edition on planetary systems. It featured a dozen papers on the topic, including … more

Their investigation of planetary resonances (the intensification of gravitational effects resulting from orbital patterns and repeated, regular planetary alignments) indicates that without an … more

Related Articles:

New Astronomical Proofs for the Existence of God

Quantum Mechanics, a Modern Goliath

Design and the Anthropic Principle

Astronomical Evidences for the God of the Bible … more

"It really does matter, and matters very much, how we think about the cosmos," declares historian and college president Dr. George Roche. Immanual Kant, for example, posited an infinitely old and … more

Note: This is an update of the paper "Limits for the Universe"

related articles:

Evidence for Design of the Cosmos

New Astronomical Proofs for the Existence of God

Quantum Mechanics, a Modern … more

Summary:  Human existence is possible because the constants of physics and the parameters for the universe and for planet Earth lie within certain highly restricted ranges. John Wheeler and … more