Today's New Reason To Believe Archives

December 2006

Today’s New Reason To Believe-Sunday, December 31, 2006
Universe May Be Ellipsoidal

  • Detailed measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation may reveal more design in the universe. In order to explain one anomaly in the shape of the CMB spectrum, a team of scientists proposed that the universe did not expand as a sphere, but instead expanded as a slightly elongated ellipsoid. Such elongation could have resulted from a primordial magnetic field or from cosmic defects known as strings. If this explanation proves correct, RTB’s creation model expects that further research into the causes of the ellipticity will reveal even more design in the early universe to ensure its continued habitability.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Saturday, December 30, 2006
Biochemical Design: Organization of Simplest Life

  • New research on magnetosomes reveals design at the molecular level in cells. Magnetosomes are membrane-bound, ultrapure magnetite crystals produced by magnetotactic bacteria. Magnetosomes align inside the cell into filaments. These strands then align with Earth’s magnetic field to help direct the bacteria into growth-favoring zones. Until now, researchers lacked understanding about why magnetosomes form chain-like structures, since the tendency should be for them to clump into aggregates. New research indicates that the protein, which forms filaments that distribute throughout the cell, plays a key role in maintaining the magnetosome chains. The internal organization of the simplest life-forms serves as a marker for biochemical design and is expected if a Creator is responsible for life.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Friday, December 29, 2006
Stunning Success of Standard Model of Particle Physics

  • Recent particle physics research provides more evidence for RTB’s cosmic creation model by confirming scientists’ understanding of the fundamental forces of nature. Physicists have known that certain physical processes produce unequal amounts of matter and anti-matter. The standard model of particle physics (which is part of RTB’s creation model and exhibits a tremendous amount of fine-tuning in the laws of physics) can explain this asymmetry, but some scientists hoped that it was instead caused by some undiscovered principle of physics. Recent particle-accelerator measurements confirmed that the standard model was indeed correct. This result further constrains any potential avenues for removing the fine-tuning seen in the fundamental laws of physics and consequently supports the idea of a supernatural Designer preparing a universe where life can exist.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Thursday, December 28, 2006
Biochemical Design: Optimized Cell Adhesion

  • New work on the mechanism that binds the bacterium E. coli to the surface of host cells strengthens the notion that life’s chemical systems are the product of a Creator. One of the key steps in bacterial infection is the binding of bacteria to the host cell’s surface. A rod-like structure called a fimbria extends from the bacterial surface and mediates the binding interaction. The fimbria consists of a coiled structure composed of multiple copies of the protein FimA. The FimA coil connects to the host cell’s surface through a tip formed by three proteins: FimF, FimG, and FimH. The attachment often takes place in the presence of body fluids that flow across the host cell’s surface. Contrary to what might be expected, high flow doesn’t wash bacteria away from the cell surface: instead, fluid drag on the bacteria enhances the binding. The latest research demonstrates that the interactions between FimH, which binds to sugar groups on the cell surface, and the host cell are precisely tuned to optimize cell adhesion under typical flows. Systems designed by human engineers rely on high-precision interactions to achieve optimized performance. These same characteristics, when displayed by biochemical systems, point to the work of a Creator.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Wednesday, December 27, 2006
Morality Is an Innate Human Faculty

  • The author of a new book on the origin of morality argues that moral thought is an innate human faculty, in agreement with RTB’s creation model. All scientific models must provide an adequate explanation for the universal sense of morality that is characteristic of humanity. Most evolutionary models argue that morality evolved over time as a trait that enhanced survivability, and that precursors to human morality are seen in the hominids. If this were the case, morality would either stem from rational, deliberative thought or result from emotional workings. In contrast, the author argues that it is an innate part of human nature to automatically make moral judgments without basis in emotion or deliberative thought. This concept fits naturally in RTB’s biblical creation model, for part of being made in God’s image is that God has built into humans an innate, universal moral code.
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    • J. P. Moreland, "Body and Soul," Parts 1, 2 & 3
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Tuesday, December 26, 2006
Biochemical Design: Organization of Simplest Life

  • New research continues to reveal the remarkable extent of internal organization and complexity displayed by bacteria, the simplest life-forms. Only a decade ago microbiologists viewed bacteria as "containers" of haphazardly arranged molecules. Since then, scientists have learned that this view is incorrect. To date, most of the work has centered on the internal organization of proteins inside the bacterial cell. Studies have indicated that this organization also includes the molecules (lipids) that form the cell membrane. A new study provides insight into the physicochemical mechanism responsible for localizing cardiolipin, a molecule that forms part of the cell wall at the cell poles. This structure is reminiscent of the intricate arrangement of proteins inside the cell. As scientists discover the molecular-level organization and complexity of the simplest life-forms, their research shows biochemical design and makes sense if a Creator is responsible for life.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Monday, December 25, 2006
HUDF Confirms Universe is Aging

  • The most sensitive optical picture ever taken of the universe strengthens the idea that the universe indeed had a beginning (and thus a Beginner). According to big bang cosmology, shortly after the beginning of the universe, no stars or galaxies existed. As the universe aged it cooled and began forming stars. Eventually, these stars formed small, irregularly shaped galaxies that continued to grow and merge together, leading to the numerous mature spiral- and elliptical-shaped galaxies observed today. Using the Hubble Space Telescope, astronomers have now imaged this earlier time and confirmed that galaxies were smaller and more irregular in earlier epochs of the universe. These results further buttress RTB’s cosmic creation model, which incorporates big bang cosmology, and puts the notion of a supernatural Creator on firmer scientific footing.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Sunday, December 24, 2006
Adult Stem Cells Alleviate Symptoms of Muscular Dystrophy

  • A recent study using adult stem cells highlights the fact that there are ethically acceptable and scientifically promising alternatives to embryonic stem cell research (ESCR). Researchers found that injections of mesoangioblast stem cells isolated from the walls of blood vessels taken from healthy dogs helped alleviate the symptoms of Duchene muscular dystrophy in sick dogs. This work holds the promise for a similar treatment in humans and reinforces the belief that scientific advance will provide a way out of the ethical dilemma created by emerging biotechnologies such as stem cell therapies.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Saturday, December 23, 2006
Confirming Evidence of Fine-tuning in Early Solar Nebula

  • Scientists continue to find evidence of fine-tuning in the early solar system as violent processes worked to enrich the solar nebula without destroying it. No single source is capable of producing all the elements of the periodic table. Thus, the emerging picture of the early solar system involves multiple supernovae and numerous asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars enriching the solar nebula with a variety of elements. All of these objects are capable of blasting solar nebulae away, preventing the formation of a solar system. Studies of small diamonds in meteorites conclude that some of the diamonds must originate in supernovae, while AGB stars produce other diamonds. These findings further buttress RTB’s cosmic creation model, which posits a supernatural Creator fine-tuning and timing these violent events to ensure the solar system forms with all the materials on which life depends.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Friday, December 22, 2006
New Fossil Find Reveals Stasis, Not Evolution

  • The discovery of a new fossil lamprey (a jawless vertebrate) from late-Devonian formations in South Africa reinforces the belief that a Creator orchestrated life’s history. The specimen, Priscomyzon riniensis, dates 35 million years older than any previously discovered fossilized lamprey, yet displays remarkably modern features. According to paleontologist Philippe Janvier, "It is not too surprising that lampreys turn up in the Devonian, 360 Myr ago. What is surprising is that they are already very similar to modern lampreys" (Nature 443 (2006), 921-924). This find means that lampreys have not undergone any appreciable evolutionary changes for the past 360 million years. The early appearance of lampreys with modern features in the fossil record, followed by stasis, is a pattern that comports well with the notion that a Creator is responsible for life’s history.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Thursday, December 21, 2006
Squashing Hopes for Earth-like Planets

  • Studies of planet formation around low-mass stars buttress the prediction of RTB’s cosmic creation model that Earth-like planets are rare in the universe. Earlier this year, scientists’ hopes of finding Earth-like planets dramatically increased when astronomers announced the discovery of a planet 5.5 times the mass of Earth orbiting a low-mass star. However, those hopes diminished considerably with recent simulations of planet formation around low-mass stars. A team of scientists demonstrated that due to the decreased luminosity (brightness) of small stars, planets formed with masses similar to Earth’s are most likely to be akin to gas giants (such as Jupiter) rather than rocky planets (like Earth). These results comport well with RTB’s cosmic creation model, in which a supernatural Creator fashions a habitable solar system around stars with just the right mass.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Wednesday, December 20, 2006
Another "Vestigial" Structure with Function

  • A new study provides some indication that the soleus muscle found in a horse’s hind limbs is not vestigial, but plays a role in maintaining the posture of the limb during standing or slow motion. This muscle is small compared to adjacent muscles in the hind limb, and its diminutive size suggests to some that it is not functional, but rather a vestige left over from the evolutionary process that produced modern horses. But a new detailed analysis of the microanantomy of the horse soleus muscle raises the possibility that this muscle may not be vestigial at all. Evolutionary models maintain that some anatomical features are nonfunctional vestiges of once-functional structures. In contrast, creation models assert that ongoing scientific study will discover uses for so-called vestigial structures. This may well be the case for the horse soleus muscle.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Tuesday, December 19, 2006
More Evidence for Galactic Fine-tuning

  • Further evidence of the fine-tuning exhibited by the Milky Way Galaxy comes from studies of star-formation rates in galaxies. A team of astronomers demonstrated that more-massive galaxies in denser regions experience prodigious star formation early in their history, but their star formation stops earlier. Thus, to provide an environment for a habitable solar system, a galaxy must not be too large or in too-dense a region. On the other hand, galaxies that are too small or in not-dense-enough regions will not produce a sufficient quantity of the heavy elements upon which life depends. The Milky Way Galaxy, where Earth’s solar system resides, happens to be a galaxy of the right size and in the properly dense environment to ensure abundant star formation until the present epoch. Such fine-tuning comports well with RTB’s cosmic creation model, in which a super-intelligent Designer works to prepare a planet capable of supporting long-standing life.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Monday, December 18, 2006
Biochemistry Supports Bible’s Long Life Spans

  • Another advance in the biochemistry of aging makes the long life spans recorded in Genesis 5 and 11 scientifically plausible. Skeptics often charge the Bible with absurdity for recording human histories of hundreds of years. In a recent study, researchers demonstrated that life expectancy of mice can be increased by genetically engineering the mice to overproduce a protein called the uncoupling protein in neurons associated with the hypothalamus. This process leads to a reduction in body temperature of about 0.5 °C, which results in a 20 percent increase in life expectancy. If scientists can significantly manipulate life spans by biochemical intervention, it is not unreasonable to think that a Creator could adjust human biochemistry to permit long life spans and then shorten them after the Flood. In light of this study, the long human life spans described in Genesis are scientifically reasonable.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Sunday, December 17, 2006
Accelerated Cosmic Expansion, Not Grey Dust

  • X-ray studies of a distant quasar provide more evidence for the immensely fine-tuned space-energy density that causes the expansion rate of the universe to increase. The discovery of the space-energy density (also known as dark energy) in the late 1990s rested on observations of Type Ia supernovae. The dark energy provided the simplest explanation of the dimness of these supernovae (which function as standard candles) as their redshifts increased. One alternative model posited the existence of a specific kind of dust-called "grey dust"-that accounted for the dimness-redshift relation. However, x-ray studies of a distant quasar constrain the amount of this dust to be less than one-tenth the amount required to explain the supernova data without dark energy. Given that dark energy ranks as the single most fine-tuned characteristic of the universe, these results further support RTB’s cosmic creation model, which asserts that a supernatural Creator designed the universe specifically to support life.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Saturday, December 16, 2006
Ant Study Raises Questions about Evolution

  • Entomologists have provided another reason to be skeptical about evolutionary explanations for life’s diversity and history. One of evolutionary theory’s key expectations is that evolutionary relationships (phylogenies) determined by morphology (physical, anatomical features) should agree with those generated with DNA sequences. A new study on the origin of ants yields results that fall short of this prediction. Scientists have found that molecular phylogenies (built using DNA sequences) and traditional morphological phylogenies are quite different for ants. Thus, evolutionary biologists currently cannot account for the origin of ants, the most diverse and ecologically important eusocial insects. Given this inadequacy in evolutionary models, the biblical account of creation deserves consideration.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Friday, December 15, 2006
New Measurement of Universe’s Age

  • A new technique to measure the age of the universe further buttresses the already strong case for a supernatural origin of the cosmos. Using numerous gravitational lenses, astronomers directly calculated distances to 10 different galaxies. Coupled with redshift measurements, these distances enabled them to determine an age of the universe of 13.5 billion years with an error bar of about 2 billion years. While the error bars are substantially larger, the result accords well with the age determined from the WMAP data of 13.7 +/- 0.2 billion years. The fact that multiple independent measurement techniques provide the same result for the age of the universe justifies scientists’ confidence in the validity of big bang cosmology-and RTB’s cosmic creation model, which incorporates the big bang.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Thursday, December 14, 2006
Biblical Account of Humanity’s Origin Confirmed

Today’s New Reason To Believe-Wednesday, December 13, 2006
Another Test of General Relativity

  • A team of Japanese scientists has developed a new way to test general relativity, specifically its predictions regarding black holes. General relativity predicts that when mass is concentrated into a small enough volume, a black hole forms. Close to the black hole, the gravitational pull prevents even light from escaping. While most scientists are convinced that black holes exist, they remain unsure of many details regarding the formation process and final properties of black holes. However, neutrinos emitted during black hole formation may fill in many of those details and illuminate the behavior of dense objects that do not form black holes. RTB welcomes these new techniques and anticipates that future results will strengthen the conclusion that general relativity accurately describes the dynamics of the universe.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Tuesday, December 12, 2006
Biochemical Design: Organization of Simplest Life

  • New research continues to indicate that bacteria, the simplest of life-forms, possess a remarkable degree of internal organization and complexity. For example, the Mycoplasma pneumoniae bacterium has one of the smallest genomes and lacks a cell wall. Still, this microbe displays a remarkable level of structural intricacy. The latest research has revealed the complex spatial and temporal organization of the so-called terminal organelle during cell division of the bacterium. The terminal organelle is a complex, differentiated structure located at one of the ends of the cell. This assembly is used to bind bacteria to host cells and plays a role in gliding motility (motion). Such internal organization and complexity in the simplest life-forms serve as a marker for biochemical design and are expected if a Creator is responsible for life.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Monday, December 11, 2006
Right Type of Galaxy

  • Studies of star-formation histories reveal more evidence for design in the galaxy where Earth resides. Two constraints on the star-formation rate of a galaxy affect where a long-surviving habitable planet can reside. First, the star must form at a steady enough rate to support the spiral arms, or else the galaxy will not have low-density regions where a planetary system is not disrupted by interactions with other stars. This rate must also proceed rapidly enough that sufficient heavy elements are produced to be incorporated into the system. Second, if the environment is not dense enough, star formation produces insufficient heavy elements. Recent studies indicate that galaxies in dense environments underwent early rapid star formation that slowed around 5 billion years ago. The density around the Milky Way Galaxy, where the solar system resides, is just right to meet both requirements of star formation. The results comport well with the notion of a divine Designer preparing a habitat where life can thrive for billions of years.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Sunday, December 10, 2006
Biochemistry Supports Bible’s Long Life Spans

  • Advances in the biochemistry of aging make the long life spans recorded in Genesis 5 and 11 scientifically plausible. For many skeptics, these long life spans seem absurd. In a recent study, researchers demonstrated that feeding resveratrol, a compound found in grapes, to mice on a high-calorie diet increased their life span and health. Without resveratrol in the diet, life span was shortened. Resveratrol presumably activates a family of proteins called sirtuins. Previous studies have shown that when sirtuin activity increases, so does life expectancy. Biochemists believe this compound may one day be part of an arsenal of medicines that will dramatically increase human longevity, perhaps to several hundred years. If scientists can significantly manipulate life spans by pharmaceutical and biochemical intervention, it is not unreasonable to posit that a Creator adjusted human biochemistry to permit long life spans and then shortened them after the Flood. In light of this study, the long human life spans described in Genesis are scientifically reasonable.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Saturday, December 9, 2006
New Tool to Study Population III Stars

  • An international team of astronomers has developed a new tool to test RTB’s cosmic creation model. One component of RTB’s model predicts the past existence of a class of stars called Population III stars, which were very massive, burned very quickly, and enriched the early universe with elements heavier than helium. While Population III stars are difficult to study, astronomers continue to develop techniques to verify their properties. One approach uses gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) that are gravitationally lensed (their light is "bent" around a massive object) by distant stars, some of which will be Population III stars. Using this new technique, astronomers analyzed the BATSE catalog of GRBs and found multiple bursts that show evidence of lensing. The lensing object for one of those bursts appears to be a Population III star. If so, astronomers may be able to determine its mass and redshift (its movement to the red part of the spectrum). RTB’s cosmic creation model predicts that future results using this technique will confirm scientists’ theoretical predictions regarding the properties of these stars.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Friday, December 8, 2006
Man-Made Molecular Motors Highlight Elegant Design of Nature’s Motors

  • A recent review of man-made molecular motors highlights the powerful evidence for intelligent design that biomolecular motors found inside the cell represent. Over the last several years scientists have synthesized numerous molecular motors and devices. Even though this work is rightly considered an example of science at its very best, the operation of these man-made molecular machines is crude and cumbersome. These molecular-level devices stand in sharp contrast to the incredibly complex, efficient, and elegant motors (like the bacterial flagellum and F1-F0 ATPase) found inside the cell. Given this comparison, does it make sense to regard the molecular motors inside the cell as the product of blind, undirected, random processes, when they are far superior to anything that some of the best chemists in the world can produce?
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Thursday, December 7, 2006
Big Bang Test Strengthened

  • Observations of a distant quasar strengthen an important test of RTB’s cosmic creation model. Big bang cosmology makes precise predictions regarding how much deuterium was produced in the early moments of the universe’s existence. Despite the difficulty, astronomers used observations of a distant quasar to measure the abundance ratio of deuterium to hydrogen and subsequently calculated the baryon density (a measure of how much ordinary matter exists) of the universe. The calculated baryon density matched the value as determined from other methods, such as the WMAP observations of the radiation left over from the creation event. This concordance of values obtained from independent techniques is a hallmark of a good model, and it strengthens confidence in RTB’s cosmic creation model (which incorporates big bang cosmology).
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Wednesday, December 6, 2006
Biochemical Design: Compositional Fine-Tuning of Cell Membranes

  • Researchers have gained a new understanding of protein diffusion within phospholipid bilayers that provides evidence for the intelligent design of cell membranes. Biochemists have traditionally believed the cell membrane to be a chaotic system that lacks order beyond the phospholipids’ bilayer structure. A new picture, however, is emerging. It turns out the cell membrane displays remarkable complexity and organization that hinges on the fine-tuning of its molecular composition. A recent study further supports this new view. Scientists have discovered that the rate of diffusion of proteins is highly sensitive to the membrane’s lipid composition and the cell’s environment. Such compositional fine-tuning and organization of the cell membrane is an indicator of intelligent design.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Tuesday, December 5, 2006
Spiral Galaxy Feathers Reveal Fine-Tuning

  • Astronomers continue to find evidence buttressing the prediction of RTB’s creation model that the Earth’s location and the timing of it’s existence are fine-tuned to support life. To ensure a planetary system has enough elements heavier than helium, the system must reside in a spiral galaxy with sufficient star formation. A survey of spiral galaxies using the Hubble Space Telescope revealed that a substantial fraction of spiral galaxies form substructures, called feathers, between the spiral arms. These and other substructures, called spurs, increase in size and frequency as spiral galaxies age, and they would increase disruptions to any planetary systems passing through them. Earth’s solar system resides in a spiral galaxy that does not contain a large amount of spurs and feathers but does contain enough generations of stars to adequately enrich the heavier elements so vital for life. Such fine-tuning (and "fine-timing") comports well with RTB’s creation model, in which a supernatural Designer works to prepare a suitable habitat for advanced life.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Monday, December 4, 2006
Biochemical Design: Information

  • Provocative work showing the "rational design" of novel peptide antibiotics provides additional evidence for intelligent design. These peptides were designed by treating naturally occurring peptide antibiotics as linguistic systems. Using the peptide antibiotics found in nature, researchers developed a formal language built on a molecular grammar. They then used this grammar to design novel peptide antibiotics. This intriguing research emphasizes the fact that biochemical systems are information-based. Experience teaches that intelligible messages-information-come from intelligent sources. By analogy, life’s chemical systems must emanate from an intelligent Designer.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Sunday, December 3, 2006
Magnetic Reversal Found in Ice Core

  • A team of European scientists has found additional evidence that Earth is more than 10,000 years old. Ice cores in Antarctica and Greenland show annual layering that indicates the first layers were deposited roughly 800,000 years ago. One objection often raised by those espousing a young-earth view is that the layers were not actually deposited yearly. Detailed isotopic studies of ice-core layers using beryllium reveal evidence of a reversal of Earth’s magnetic field. If the layers were deposited annually, the reversal would date around 780,000 years ago. These results match the dates for a particular magnetic-field reversal found using an independent method relying on sedimentary rocks. Any young-earth model’s explanation would require that very different radioisotope decay rates and ice deposition rates would conspire in such a way as to give the same date. However, the straightforward interpretation-that the reversal occurred roughly 780,000 years ago-finds a natural fit in RTB’s creation model, which asserts that Earth is actually 4.5 billion years old.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Saturday, December 2, 2006
Social-Amoeba Study Raises Questions about Evolution

  • New research provides another reason to be skeptical about evolutionary explanations for life’s diversity and history. One key expectation of evolutionary theory is that evolutionary relationships (phylogenies) determined by morphology (physical, anatomical features) should agree with those generated with DNA sequences. Another expectation is that evolution will not produce the same outcome repeatedly, since its mechanism relies on a sequence of random events. A new study on the origin of social amoebas yields results that fall short of both expectations. Scientists have learned that molecular phylogenies (built using DNA sequences) and morphological phylogenies for social amoebas are quite different. It also appears as if complex structures found in social amoebas evolved independently several times. Both of these new insights challenge the veracity of the theory of evolution. However, the repeated origin of complex structures in social amoebas affirms a model positing that a Creator used the same good designs over and over again to bring new life-forms into existence.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Friday, December 1, 2006
Fine-tuning in Early Solar System

  • Chemical-abundance studies of meteorites provide new evidence of the fine-tuning required to ensure Earth’s habitability. Until recently, scientists thought the solar nebula (cloud of gas) from which the solar system formed had been uniformly mixed. Such homogeneity meant that all the planets formed from material with essentially the same chemical composition. But two recent studies clearly demonstrate the heterogeneity of the early solar nebula. Consequently, the composition of the planets varied depending on the locations where they formed. As it happens, Earth formed at just the right location; it formed with enough radioactive elements to sustain life-supporting functions and remained within the habitable zone. RTB’s cosmic creation model predicts such fine-tuning as the result of a supernatural Creator working to prepare a planet capable of sustaining long-standing life.
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