Phosphorus plays a crucial role in life chemistry. Phosphates serve as the backbone for all nucleic acids and are the major repository of chemical energy for metabolism. The human body contains about 11,000 parts per million of phosphorus by weight.
Galaxy DesignA Comment on Humility Theology
1/1/2002 The anthropic principle faces serious challenges from outside the disciplines of astronomy and physics. Many scholars in the humanities and social sciences fear that the anthropic principle will somehow legitimize false notions of human supremacy, justifying exploitation of the environment to the detriment of other species. A Critique of Victor Stenger's Paper – Intelligent Design: The New Stealth Creationism
2/8/2001 "Intelligent Design is the new buzz word for what used to be called 'creation science.' ” With the quote above as his summary statement, Victor Stenger, Professor Emeritus, University of Hawaii, seeks to discard the work of some of today’s great pioneering scientists. A Dark Galaxy: Finding the "Missing" Dark Stuff
10/27/2008 Many independent sets of observations confirm that only about six percent of all the ordinary matter (neutrons and protons) in the universe is made up of stars and stellar remnants.1 The other 94 percent is dark. While astronomers have verified that enormous quantities of ordinary dark matter exist as dispersed intergalactic gas, they have yet to positively identify a totally dark structure of galactic proportions. A Superior Milky Way Galaxy Map
6/15/2009 A better understanding of how our galaxy looks promises to deliver a test for a component of RTB's creation model. Aliens From Another World? Getting Here From There
4/1/2001 A rising challenge to Christianity, both within and beyond the borders of America, springs from the popular obsession with UFOs (unidentified flying objects) and ETI (extraterrestrial intelligent life). Anthropic Principle: A Precise Plan for Humanity
1/1/2002 Human beings climb. Always have, always will. First hills, then mountains, then pinnacles so high they're called "death zones." That's as high as legs could carry them, but not high enough. So people invented balloons, blimps, airplanes, and spacecraft, the higher the better—to a point. Astronomical Evidences for the God of the Bible
1/1/1992 If the universe is created and the creator is impersonal, then love, compassion, and care are merely illusions. On the other hand, if the Creator is personal, then these attributes and others such as beauty, altruism, mercy, and justice are real and meaningful. Black Holes, Singularities, and Wormholes
4/1/2001 From a realistic rather than science fiction perspective, the wormhole question is moot. Since black holes are relatively rare, the probability that the singularities of two spatially distant black holes would come into contact is virtually zero, as is the probability that any possible wormhole would lie in a location useful for alien space travel. Close Encounters of a Deadly Kind
4/1/2000 Recent studies of the Edgeworth-Kuiper asteroid belt reveal the “amazing circumstances” required to make our solar system a suitable place for life.1 The belt itself is a recent discovery. It consists of thousands of asteroids orbiting beyond Neptune. In January 2000, an international team of astronomers recognized that the orbits of these asteroids faithfully record our sun’s close encounters with other stars over the past 4.6 billion years. Cosmic-Ray Source Discovered
2/09/09 Patience is a virtue—especially when solving scientific problems. In 1912, Victor Hess confirmed that a steady stream of energetic cosmic rays bombard the top of Earth’s atmosphere... Design and the Anthropic Principle
1/1/1989 Summary: Human existence is possible because the constants of physics and the parameters for the universe and for planet Earth lie within certain highly restricted ranges. John Wheeler and others interpret these amazing "coincidences" as proof that human existence somehow determines the design of the universe. Design Evidences in the Cosmos (1998)
1/1/1998 Adapted with updates from the author’s books, The Fingerprint of God, second edition (Promise, 1991), The Creator and the Cosmos, second edition (NavPress, 1995), and Beyond the Cosmos (NavPress, 1996). References may be found in these books and in the reference addendum at the end of this paper. Design of the Solar System’s Gas Giants
8/11/2008 New understanding of the solar system by team of five theoreticians from three different continents has produced even more evidence for the design of the solar system’s gas giant planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) for the benefit of advanced life on Earth. The masses and orbits of the solar system’s four gas giant planets are crucial for life on planet Earth. Direct Distance Measurements to Center of the Milky Way
2/22/2010 A team of four astronomers from the United States, Germany, and China have placed the biblically predicted big bang creation model on a more secure footing by producing the first-ever direct distance measurement to the center of the Milky Way Galaxy (MWG). Filling the Gap
12/21/2007 Based on his observation that clusters of galaxies do not have enough matter to remain gravitationally bound, Fritz Zwicky proposed (in 1933) the existence of dark matter to provide the needed gravity. Fine-Tuning for Life in the Universe (2001)
1/1/2001 For life to be possible in the universe, several characteristics must take on specific values, and these are listed below. In the case of several of these characteristics, and given the intricacy of their interrelationships, the indication of “fine tuning” seems incontrovertible. Fine-Tuning For Life In The Universe (AUG 2006)
8/29/2006 For physical life to be possible in the universe, several characteristics must take on specific values, and these are listed below. In the case of several of these characteristics, and given the intricacy of their interrelationships, the indication of divine "fine tuning" seems incontrovertible. Fine-Tuning For Life In The Universe (DEC 2004)
3/22/2005 For physical life to be possible in the universe, several characteristics must take on specific values, and these are listed below. In the case of several of these characteristics, and given the intricacy of their interrelationships, the indication of divine "fine tuning" seems incontrovertible. Fine-Tuning for Life in the Universe (JUNE 2002)
6/25/2002 For physical life to be possible in the universe, several characteristics must take on specific values, and these are listed below.1 In the case of several of these characteristics, and given the intricacy of their interrelationships, the indication of divine “fine tuning” seems incontrovertible. Fine-Tuning for Life on Earth (2001)
1/1/2001 The environmental requirements for life to exist depend quite strongly on the life form in question. The conditions for primitive life to exist, for example, are not nearly so demanding as they are for advanced life. Also, it makes a big difference how active the life form is and how long it remains in its environment. Fine-Tuning for Life on Earth (JUNE 2002)
6/25/2002 The environmental requirements for life to exist depend quite strongly on the life form in question. The conditions for primitive life to exist, for example, are not nearly so demanding as they are for advanced life. Also, it makes a big difference how active the life form is and how long it remains in its environment. Fine-Tuning For Life On Earth (JUNE 2004)
6/8/2004 The environmental requirements for life to exist depend quite strongly on the life form in question. The conditions for primitive life to exist, for example, are not nearly so demanding as they are for advanced life. Also, it makes a big difference how active the life form is and how long it remains in its environment. Galaxy Morphology and Structure Design
3/24/2008 In a recent meeting with insurance agents I learned that it is no longer politically correct to refer to an employee as overweight. The proper terminology is to say that someone is not tall enough for his or her weight. This description illustrates the difference between morphology and structure. A person’s rotundity is an example of a morphological feature. Someone’s skeletal dimensions exemplify structure. Gamma Rays Burst Biological Evolution
1/1/2003 The energy released during a gamma ray burst strains the imagination. With the power of 10 billion billion suns, gamma ray bursts are the most brilliant photon emitters in the universe. By comparison, supernovae emit (at peak) the energy equivalent of 100 billion suns. Live Here or Nowhere
10/1/1999 In the latter half of this decade, science revealed the importance of our solar system’s position in the galaxy between two spiral arms, where certain life-disturbing phenomena rarely occur and where our view of the galaxy and of the universe beyond is unobstructed.1 A new piece of research by two Russian astronomers shows that our position is special in yet another respect.2 Our sun and its satellites stay between the spiral arms. Measuring the Taurus Star Association Helps Astronomers Understand the Milky Way
7/20/2009 Opponents of the big bang creation model attempt to blow past the overwhelming physical evidence in favor of this biblically predicted model1 by picking apart the least understood components of the model. Metal Matters
4/1/2001 Uranium and thorium play a vital role in the plate tectonics and volcanism of planets. Consequently, the amount of these two metallic elements influences the ability of any planet to support advanced life. Milky Way Galaxy’s Tiny Black Hole
9/1/2008 Through a variety of means astronomers have determined that a black hole exists at the center of the Milky Way Galaxy. The latest and most definitive measurement puts the mass of that black hole at 3,6000,000 times the mass of the Sun. More Accurate Measures of Creation: Shoring Up the Distance Ladder Method
11/30/2009 Opponents of the big bang creation model, both atheists and young-earth creationists, often attempt to blow past it by picking apart the least understood and least well-determined components of the model. Most Accurate Distances Shore Up Creation History
3/3/2008 Opponents of big bang cosmology, both atheists and young-earth creationists, frequently attempt to push aside very compelling and overwhelming physical evidence in favor of this biblically predicted model1 by picking apart the limiting factor in determining the details of the cosmic creation story. This limiting factor is the ability of astronomers to determine accurate distances to other galaxies. New Astronomical Proofs for the Existence of God
1/1/1998 "It really does matter, and matters very much, how we think about the cosmos," declares historian and college president Dr. George Roche. Immanual Kant, for example, posited an infinitely old and infinitely large universe. Such a universe Kant reasoned might permit an infinite number of random chances. Thus even such highly improbable events as atoms self-assembling into human beings might be possible. God, then, becomes unnecessary. New Clues to a Genesis Mystery
1/1/2005 Medical doctors say if you live long enough you'll probably get cancer. Cancer is one reason why none of us can live much beyond 120 years.1 How is it possible, then, that humans (before Noah) could have lived 900 years or more, as the Bible says? Reduced exposure to cancer risk factors may provide at least a partial answer. New Clues to a Genesis Mystery
10/1/2003 The biblical record of patriarchs who lived 900+ years has raised questions and doubts for centuries. In the context of current life expectancy (which places me on the brink of “senior citizen” status), some Bible readers assume the “years” in the Genesis 5 and 11 chronologies must have been shorter than the familiar 12-month whirl around the Sun. Photosynthesis Is Not Enough
9/22/2008 After the first appearance of life on Earth, the Great Oxygenation Event marked the biggest chemical transformation of the planet. This event occurred approximately 2.4 billion years ago. The oxygen content of Earth’s atmosphere rose from just one thousandth of a percent (10-5) of its present level (about 21 percent of the total volume of the atmosphere) to several percent of its present level. Planet Migration Tests Solar System Design
10/29/2007 Astronomers have discovered over 250 planets outside of our solar system residing in over 200 different planetary systems. However, all of these extrasolar planets exhibit characteristics that would eliminate the possibility of another planet residing in the same planetary system that could possibly support advanced life for a brief time or even primitive life for a long time. Probabilities for Life on Earth (2001)
1/1/2001 An Estimate of the Probability for Attaining the Necessary Parameters for Life Support Probabilities for Life on Earth (JUNE 2002)
6/25/2002 An Estimate of the Probability for Attaining the Necessary Parameters for Life Support Probability For Life On Earth (APR 2004)
5/6/2004 Probability Estimate for Attaining the Necessary Characteristics for a Life Support Body Rare Solar System Location
10/20/2008 Many astronomers have noted that the present solar system environment is amazingly benign for advanced life. The solar system’s current position (in between two nearby exceptionally symmetrical and widely separated spiral arms that are devoid of any significant spurs or feathers) keeps the solar system’s planets well-protected from gravitational interactions with stars and dense molecular clouds. Rare Sun
4/1/2002 How often have you heard that “the Sun is just an average star?” If you’ve watched many TV documentaries or read introductory astronomy books, chances are you’ve heard it more than once. In fact, even most astronomers still believe the Sun is just an average star. Solar System’s Extraordinary Birth Environment
2/16/2009 One of the most extraordinary features of the solar system is that it contains adequate abundances of all the elements essential for advanced life. What makes it so exceptional is that the elements must come from different sources. Spiral Galaxies: Too Frayed for Life?
1/1/2007 Spiral galaxies are like people: they fray as they age. As people gradually sag and wrinkle, so too a young galaxy's elegant spiral structure frays into myriad substructures-spurs, feathers, and filaments-branching off from the main spiral arms. These substructures interfere with the needs of advanced life. Strangulation Efficiency in Galaxy Clusters
2/18/2008 Astronomers Daisuke Kawata and John Mulchaey have uncovered features of star formation in galaxies that also provide one more design characteristic to add to a list of several hundred indicating the supernatural, super-intelligent design of our planet and galaxy for the support of life, human beings in particular. Kawata and Mulchaey’s discovery arose from a detailed chemodynamical simulation of how neighboring galaxies and gas clouds impact the star formation history of a disk galaxy. The Heavens Resound with a Message for Mankind
1/1/1999 Three astronomers have discovered yet another of the many delicate balances operating in our solar system, balances that protect life on this planet. Their investigation of planetary resonances (the intensification of gravitational effects resulting from orbital patterns and repeated, regular planetary alignments) indicates that without an Earth-Moon system just like ours, The Measurability of the Universe––a Record of the Creator’s Design
10/1/2000 If the universe were not measurable, scientific study would be impossible. Astronomy, biology, chemistry, cosmology, geology, physics, and the other disciplines of science would be no less quixotic than alchemy or astrology. Science would not—could not—shed much light in the cosmic darkness. The Milky Way: An Exceptional Galaxy
7/30/2007 The rare Earth doctrine, the conclusion that Earth has many unique features that enable it to support life and, in particular, advanced life, is well established within the scientific community. The discovery of about 250 extrasolar planets, combined with spacecraft missions to explore the outer solar system, likewise is beginning to establish the rare solar system doctrine. Now, a new doctrine is emerging to complement the others—the rare Milky Way Galaxy doctrine. Too Much Sulfur
10/6/2008 Recent studies conducted on Venus and Mars illustrate just how carefully fine-tuned a planet’s abundance of sulfur must be for life to be possible. Sulfur plays a crucial role in life chemistry. This fact became personal for me a year ago when I was diagnosed as sulfur deficient. Many protein functions crucially depend on sulfur. Fortunately, most agricultural soils contain plenty of sulfur that vegetables, like onions and garlic, readily absorb. Warning! Supernova Explosion Imminent
9/23/2009 Imagine a supernova exploding in our galaxy. In fact, a number have. One of the most recent occurred in 1054 AD in the constellation Taurus. White Dwarfs Deliver Better Creation History
1/21/2008 Star clusters provide astronomers with an extraordinary window into the creation and history of the universe, a window that enables astronomers to rigorously test the biblically predicted big bang creation model. Thanks to a new set of measurements on burnt out stars—known as white dwarfs—that window has become much clearer and more robust. Why Jupiter and Saturn Have No Twins
9/29/2008 The rare planet doctrine—the conclusion that Earth has many unique, apparently designed, features that enable it to support life and in particular advanced life—is now well established within the scientific community. Why the Universe Is the Way It Is
1/1/2006 In the best-selling science book of all time, author Stephen Hawking explains that no human is content until he or she has complete answers to the following questions: "What is the nature of the universe? What is our place in it and where did it and we come from? Why is it the way it is?" Galaxy DesignCan Spaceships Travel Faster than Speed of Light?
Hugh Ross, Dave Rogstad, and Joe Aguirre Cosmology, Yesterday and Today
Hugh Ross, Jeff Zweerink, and Ken Samples Creation Explanation
Hugh Ross, Fuz Rana, and Kenneth Samples Huge Planet Defies Explanation
Author: Dr. Hugh Ross Is Complex Life Rare?
Dave Rogstad, Jeff Zweerink, Kenneth Samples, and Joe Aguirre Magellanic Clouds
Hugh Ross, Dave Rogstad and Ken Samples Milky Way Loses Two (Major) Arms
Author: Dr. Hugh Ross Nearly Invisible Galaxy Found Orbiting Milky Way
Author: Dr. Jeffrey Zweerink Search for a Solar Twin?
Author: Hugh Ross, Dave Rogstad, Kenneth Samples, and Joe Aguirre Stellar Research Shows Fine-Tuning
Hugh Ross, Dave Rogstad, Kenneth Samples, and Joe Aguirre US Astronomers Discover Inter-Planetary Collision
Author: Dr. Hugh Ross Galaxy Design |